SIU Neurology Resident Neuroscience Course

Chapter 37. Locomotion

1. In an early experiment Graham Brown showed that rhythmic alternating contractions could be evoked in the deafferented hind limb muscles of immediately after spinal transection. This experiment suggests that
1. Supraspinal structures are not essential for producing the basic motor patterns of stepping
2. The basic rhythmicity of stepping is produced by neuronal circuits contained entirely in the spinal cord
3. The spinal pattern-generating networks do not require sensory input
4. All of the above
2. During the entire swing phase of gait, the  _______  joint is in flexion.
1. Hip
2. Knee
3. Ankle
4. All of the above
3. A central pattern generator is
1. A neuronal network involved in locomotion
2. A neuronal network capable of generating rhythmic motor activity in the absence of sensory feedback
3. A device used to repair televisions
4. It has been shown in spinal cats that the rate of stepping matches the rate of the treadmill. This suggests that
1. Somatosensory afferents regulate the stepping cycle
2. Visual (and less powerfully, auditory) stimulation regulates the stepping cycle
3. Exteroceptors regulate stepping rhythm
4. All of the above
5. The stumbling-corrective reaction in cats is initiated by sensory inputs from skin exteroceptors. This reflex causes
1. Flexion when in the swing phase
2. Extension when in the stance phase
3. Both of the above
6. Stimulation of the Mesencephalic Locomotor Region produces
1. Walking
2. Trotting
3. Galloping
4. Any of the above, depending on stimulation intensity
7. "Skilled walking" is a function of the
1. Cerebellum
2. Red nucleus
3. Motor cortex
4. Spinal cord
8. It is a primary function of the _________ to compare actual leg movements to intended leg movements.
1. Motor cortex
2. Cerebellum
3. Red nucleus
4. Spinal cord

Chapter 38.  Voluntary Movement

1. Large pyramidal neurons in layer V of primary motor cortex are named for
1. Betz
2. Granner
3. Jackson
4. Brodmann
2. Electrical stimulation of the _________ typically evokes simple movements of single joints, but stimulation of the ________ evokes more complex movements involving multiple joints.
1. Premotor cortex / Primary motor cortex
2. Primary motor cortex / Premotor cortex
3. Lateral ventral premotor area / Lateral dorsal premotor area
4. Brodmann's area 6 / Brodmann's area 4
3. Cerebellar afferents to motor cortex are
1. Direct
2. Indirect, through VL thalamus
3. Indirect, through globus pallidus
4. Indirect, through transcortical circuits
4. Monkeys were given small infarctions of motor cortex. One group was retrained to use their hand, while a second group was not. It was observed that
1. In the second group, elbow and shoulder areas of cortex expanded into the former hand area
2. In the first group, undamaged cortex controlling the hand area expanded into the shoulder and elbow areas
3. In the first group, animals recovered the ability to grasp small objects
4. All of the above
5. Section of monkey pyramidal tracts in the medulla produces permanent
1. Arm weakness
2. Deficits in climbing and jumping
3. Deficits in grasping of small objects
4. All of the above
6. A Bereitschaft potential occurs
1. Prior to planned movements
2. During movements
3. After movements (it is a sensory evoked potential)
4. Primarily in Germany